Traders, colonists, but perhaps most importantly, missionaries exported printing presses to the new European oversea domains, setting up new print shops and distributing printing material. The near-simultaneous discovery of sea routes to the West ( Christopher Columbus, 1492) and East ( Vasco da Gama, 1498) and the subsequent establishment of trade links greatly facilitated the global spread of Gutenberg-style printing. Germany and Italy were considered the two main centres of printing in terms of quantity and quality.įurther information: History of printing in East Asia and Woodblock printing The output was in the order of twenty million volumes and rose in the sixteenth century tenfold to between 150 and 200 million copies. According to one estimate, 'by 1500, 1000 printing presses were in operation throughout Western Europe and had produced 8 million books' and during the 1550s there were 'three hundred or more' printers and booksellers in Geneva alone. In 1481, barely 30 years after the publication of the 42-line Bible, the small Netherlands already featured printing shops in 21 cities and towns, while Italy and Germany each had shops in about 40 towns at that time. Major towns, in particular, functioned as centers of diffusion ( Cologne 1466, Rome 1467, Venice 1469, Paris 1470, Kraków 1473, London 1477). In rapid succession, printing presses were set up in Central and Western Europe. With Gutenberg's monopoly revoked, and the technology no longer secret, printing spread throughout Germany and beyond, diffused first by emigrating German printers, but soon also by foreign apprentices. Thereupon Gutenberg established a new one with the financial backing of another money lender. After Gutenberg lost a lawsuit against his investor, Johann Fust, Fust put Gutenberg's employee Peter Schöffer in charge of the print shop. Gutenberg's first major print work was the 42-line Bible in Latin, printed probably between 14 in the German city of Mainz. Modern stamp commemorating the Gutenberg Bible, the first major European work printed by mechanical movable type

2.1 Germany, Austria and German printers in Central Europe.

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Read more Just because a flower shop in Andrews, South Carolina is local, doesn't mean that all of their flowers have to be. Andrews flower shops are connected to flower suppliers all over the world and c.

Just because a flower shop in Andrews, South Carolina is local, doesn't mean that all of their flowers have to be.

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